As discussed in Parts 1 and 2, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in sustaining attention, impulsive behavior, and hyperactivity. Various treatment options are available, including therapies and medication. However, with the growth in technological and medical research, there's a growing interest in exploring the potential benefits of video games, apps, and board games. When used as supplementary tools, they have been found helpful to individuals with ADHD to improve their focus, cognitive skills, and self-regulation abilities. In Part 3, we will explore the use of board games.

Potential Benefits

• Improved Focus and Attention: Board games require players to pay attention to rules, strategies, and the actions of other players. This helps individuals with ADHD practice and enhance their ability to focus and sustain attention on a specific task for an extended period, which can be challenging for them in other contexts.

• Enhanced Executive Functioning: Many board games involve planning, problem-solving, and decision-making. Playing these games can help individuals with ADHD develop and strengthen their executive functioning skills, including organization, time management, and impulse control, which are often areas of difficulty for them.

• Social Interaction and Communication Skills: Board games provide opportunities for social interaction and collaboration. Engaging in these games can help individuals with ADHD improve their social skills, such as turn-taking, active listening, and following social cues, which can be valuable for building and maintaining relationships.

• Reduced Screen Time: Board games offer a screen-free form of entertainment and engagement. Encouraging individuals with ADHD to play board games can help reduce excessive screen time, which is a common concern, and promote more balanced and varied leisure activities.

• Stress Reduction: board games can be an enjoyable way for individuals with ADHD to relax, unwind, and have fun while simultaneously reaping these cognitive and social benefits.

Considerations

• Complex Rules: Board games with overly complex or convoluted rules can be overwhelming for individuals with ADHD. It's best to avoid games that require extensive setup, have intricate rulebooks, or involve a steep learning curve.

• Long Playing Times: Games that take several hours to complete may test the patience and attention span of individuals with ADHD. It's advisable to select games with shorter playing times or options for saving progress if the game can't be finished in one sitting.

• High-Stress Games: Some board games, especially competitive ones with intense decision-making and time pressure, can lead to frustration and anxiety for individuals with ADHD. Games that require constant vigilance and quick thinking may not be the best choice.

• Lack of Engagement: Games that don't provide regular opportunities for active participation or have long periods of downtime can lead to restlessness and reduced engagement for individuals with ADHD. Look for games that keep all players involved throughout the gameplay.

• Games with Frequent Rule Changes: Some board games introduce new rules or variations as the game progresses. These can be confusing for individuals with ADHD, so it's best to choose games with consistent rules throughout.

Ultimately, the best board game for someone with ADHD will depend on their individual preferences and tolerances. It's a good idea to read reviews and, if possible, try out games before purchasing them to ensure they align with the individual's comfort and enjoyment. With that in mind, here are several recommended apps that may be beneficial to individuals with ADHD.

Skills Addressed

• Resource Management

• Planning

• Critical Thinking

• Decision-Making

• Negotiation

• Social Interaction

• Probability

• Risk Assessment

• Strategic Diplomacy

• Persuasion

• Adaptation

"Catan" isn't just a board game—it's a cognitive and social journey that empowers players with a wide array of skills. From resource management to negotiation and critical thinking to strategic diplomacy, the game provides an engaging and interactive experience for adults, including those with ADHD. Through its dynamic gameplay and constant need for adaptation, "Catan" offers players the opportunity to develop practical skills that can be applied to everyday decision-making and social interactions.

Skills Addressed

• Spatial Reasoning

• Visualization

• Problem-Solving

• Critical Thinking

• Planning

• Sequential Thinking

• Trial and Error Learning

• Immediate Feedback and Rewards

"Rush Hour" is a cognitive workout that challenges players to unlock the gridlock of their minds. Through its focus on spatial reasoning, problem-solving, planning, and sequential thinking, the game provides a structured and engaging environment for adults, including those with ADHD, to develop cognitive skills.

Skills Addressed

• Pattern Recognition and Analysis

• Visual-Spatial Skills

• Strategic Planning and Adaptation

• Flexible and Dynamic Play

• Pattern Creation and Creativity

"Qwirkle’s" dynamic and flexible gameplay offers a stimulating environment for adults, including those with ADHD, to refine their cognitive abilities. As players arrange tiles into strategic formations, they discover the beauty of order and strategy, experiencing the satisfaction that comes with successfully merging colors and shapes to achieve a winning pattern.

Skills Addressed

• Spatial Strategy and Visual Analysis

• Strategic Thinking and Planning

• Adaptive Problem-Solving

• Visual Engagement and Interaction

• Competitive and Social Dynamics

• Short-Term Rewards and Progress

"Blokus" is a game that celebrates spatial prowess and strategic thinking, offering an engaging and interactive platform for adults, including those with ADHD, to enhance their cognitive skills. Through its unique blend of spatial reasoning, strategic planning, and interactive dynamics, the game offers an enjoyable and beneficial experience that exercises cognitive faculties in a stimulating and engaging way.

Skills Addressed

• Cooperative Gameplay

• Strategic Planning and Decision-Making

• Problem-Solving Under Pressure

• Adaptability and Flexibility

• Effective Communication and Coordination

• Long-Term Planning and Risk Assessment

"Pandemic" is an immersive experience that fosters teamwork, strategic planning, and problem-solving skills in the face of global challenges. By working together against a common threat, players, including those with ADHD, have the opportunity to harness their strengths, refine their abilities, and develop a greater appreciation for collaborative problem-solving. Through the collaborative journey of disease containment, "Pandemic" provides an engaging and valuable platform for enhancing cognitive and social skills in an entertaining and meaningful way.

Video games, apps, and board games can offer valuable benefits for individuals with ADHD by engaging cognitive functions, improving focus, and enhancing problem-solving skills. However, it's important to use these tools in moderation and as part of a comprehensive ADHD management plan. Always consult with healthcare professionals when considering such interventions.